(Download) "Incidence and Spread of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-Associated Infection Among Aba Federal Prison Inmates in Nigeria (Report)" by Journal of Health Population and Nutrition " eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Incidence and Spread of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-Associated Infection Among Aba Federal Prison Inmates in Nigeria (Report)
- Author : Journal of Health Population and Nutrition
- Release Date : January 01, 2010
- Genre: Health & Fitness,Books,Health, Mind & Body,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 246 KB
Description
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB), one of the most important contagious diseases, is a leading cause of death due to a single pathogen worldwide. Patients with pulmonary TB would broadcast the tubercle bacilli in droplet aerosols as they cough, sneeze, or even talk and infect those in contact. A person with untreated pulmonary TB is estimated, on average, to infect 10-15 persons annually (1). A primary infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis may actively develop into clinical TB, pass as inapparent infection, or remain latent in the individual for months or years depending on the various host and environmental factors. Overt TB, thus, could result from a reactivated latent infection or from a recent primary infection or (secondary) re-infection. It has been observed that the transmission of M. tuberculosis is favoured by dusty environment and overcrowding. Infections can be acquired by both close and casual contacts. The risk of becoming infected depends on such factors as the relative virulence of the strain, the intensity of exposure to an infectious TB case (closeness and duration), and the susceptibility and immune status of the exposed individual (2,3). Mitsos et al. observed that only a small proportion of individuals infected with M. tuberculosis develop clinical TB (4), and even then, a wide clinical spectrum of severity of disease is observed in such individuals. A lifestyle, such as tobacco/cigarette smoking, could increase the chances of developing clinical TB four-fold (5-7) due to the various effects of smoking on components of both innate and adaptive immunity (8-11). Exposure to indoor air pollution has been associated with TB among other broncho-pulmonary diseases (12). Epidemiologic studies have shown that risk of TB increases with close contacts of sputum-smear-positive patients and that the prevalence of clinical disease among intimate contacts of TB cases is high (13-15).
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